The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

The Modern Temper by Lynn Dumenil - Essay Example This phase of history is guaranteed by the creator to have set up â€Å"the focal themes that have formed the advanced American temper.† While she recognizes how significant the job is of World War I being a device or procedure of making the ‘roaring twenties’ occur, Dumenil doesn't have confidence in the regular information which construes that World War I is colossally liable for such a result on which different parts of progress in American culture, governmental issues, economy, and culture are inserted. To her, it appears that the principle source focuses to the significant occasions of the mechanical insurgency just as the outcomes of a quickly industrialized culture inside an entrepreneur society. This is to state that World War I serves just to clean the outcomes in the general picture of dynamic economy or the possibility of success which made populace move from rustic locales to urban areas accepted to have focuses of business and satisfactory work to help great expectations for everyday comforts. Among various patterns which are very clear in her examination of the 1920s, the extending bureaucratic type of government is conspicuous yet to some degree infamous for respecting over the top force which had blended general doubt the country over. By taking note of how a U.S. delegate kept a contention about sunshine investment funds time in a wartime program, Dumenil exhibits how government laws are practiced even in dealing with negligible issues of legislative issues, wryly responding â€Å"we may before long have laws passed endeavoring to direct the volume of air a man ought to inhale, suspend the laws of gravity, or change the shades of the rainbow.† Alongside the expanding condition of administration rose urban progressivism and pluralism in America’s heterogeneous society. Combined with a mass-customer culture, this prompted inconsistent dispersion of riches so social developments which impacted distinctive strict, ethnic, and social gatherings were

Valedictorian Speech free essay sample

Employees, educators, family, companions and individual alumni great morning, today is a day to be appreciative and to be propelled. As I check out I see such a significant number of natural appearances and I might want to thank every one of you for being here with us on this Joyous event. Remaining here before the entirety of my colleagues, the main thing I can see is the potential inside all of them. Some may become specialists, legal advisors, educators, and entrepreneurs.Just recall the long street e have ventured out together to where we are today. Truly, It was long and I know once in a while we didnt think It was ever going to end. In any case, It was a stunning Journey. Presently this day we have been walling for Is at last here and our Journey together Is finished. In any case, there Is another experience Just around the bend. It will be hard from the outset however all of us has the ability of making It throughout everyday life. We will compose a custom exposition test on Valedictorian Speech or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page On your new experience, you don't need to be separated from everyone else. Our loved ones will consistently be there for us simply like they have consistently been. On the off chance that it was not for a portion of the guardians that are here today we in all probability would not be here either. Being a parent is difficult, presently realizing when to release them, letting us assume liability. In any case, I might want to thank every one of you for being there to assist us with succeeding and never letting us abandon ourselves. You folks were there to see us through everything regardless of whether we werent your youngsters. I value that. Ideally, we can satisfy all the fantasies that you have for us. We will at present need your help in accomplishing our fantasies. Our class has a ton of potential, you can ask anybody and they will disclose to you that. I might likewise want to perceive our instructors at placer national secondary school. Since without the excitement that they have I dont accept that I could have made it this far. The educators at this school cause you to accept that you are somebody and that the sky is the limit. It isn't just the instructors, however the staff and understudy body cause you to feel like youre at home and you can confide in every one of them. I love this school with my entire being and all that it stands for.If I had dodo it once more, I would instantly. Our years at placer national secondary school have been loaded up with incredible recollections and groundbreaking occasions. As we go out to begin our new experiences, I trust that despite the fact that we will gain new experiences that we will always remember the recollections that we made together at placer national secondary school. L trust that whatever way you take might be brilliant and loaded up with affection and experience. I additionally trust all of you the best throughout everyday life and I love all of you. Would you be able to trust It folks, WE DID IT!!Thanks again to everybody for being here to impart this Joyous event to us. Valedictorian Speech By reemergence with us on this Joyous event. Remaining here before the entirety of my colleagues, the main we have headed out together to where we are today. Indeed, it was long and I know once in a while we didnt think it was ever going to end. However, it was an astonishing Journey. Presently this day we have been hanging tight for is at long last here and our Journey together is finished. Be that as it may, there is another experience Just around the bend. It will be hard from the start yet all of us has the ability of making it in life.On your new experience, you do Our loved ones will consistently be there for us Just like they have consistently been. In the event that it my central core and all that it represents. In the event that I needed to do it once more, I would instantly. Our years at placer national secondary school have been loaded up with incredible that we made together at placer national secondary school. trust that whatever way you take might be brilliant and loaded up with affection and experience. I additionally trust all of you the best throughout everyday life and I love all of you. Would you be able to trust it folks,

Marketing Mix and 4Ps How to Effectively Position Your Market Offering

Marketing Mix and 4Ps How to Effectively Position Your Market Offering What is the one thing that intrigues consumers to engage with a business right before going out to buy their products and services?Great marketing never happens by chance and it isn’t an easy task to accomplish either.Imagine cooking a delicious meal. In order for the dish to come out right, the cook has to hit the right balance between the ingredients that are to be used for the recipe and methods of preparation according to the recipe.Any mishap, for instance, adding a tablespoon of salt instead if a pinch could ruin the entire dish.Similarly, a business has to have the appropriate branding know-how as well as employ the right advertising techniques to deliver the most optimal marketing campaign for their target audience.But unlike cooking a meal, it takes months or even years of considerable effort for their marketing strategies to finally pay off.Of course, putting in the right elements is challenging, but a framework or marketing mix may help clarify what you need to do and wh ere you should focus your sights on.WHAT DO WE KNOW OF THE MARKETING MIX? In 1953, “Marketing mix” is a term that was coined over 60 years ago by professor Neil Borden to the American Marketing Association (AMA) in his presidential address.The marketing mix is typically a set of various factors that influence a consumer’s decision to purchase and use a product or service.This refers to the 4Ps of marketing; product, price, promotion, and place.Businesses can use these four factors to a certain degree.Once a firm learns how to make use of them strategically, they can produce the desired behaviors from target audiences whether it is signing up as a subscriber or purchasing a product.What’s more is that marketing mix also helps businesses get a better understanding of their product and service offerings as well as come up with the finest ways to plan for a marketing strategy and a successful launch.THE 4Ps OF MARKETINGSeven years after Borden’s speech, the 4Ps of marketing w as created by marketing professor E. Jerome McCarthy in 1960.It is a framework used by businesses and marketers when designing strategies and campaigns to promote their goods and services.Instead of taking the organic route, as in, waiting for people to notice you one day (which could be a very long time), you can shorten the gap and also boost conversions with a framework. Each of the Ps in the 4Ps model is elemental in influencing a consumer’s decision-making process.1.  Product Product refers to not just the goods and/or services that a business offers to their target audience, but also the experience that consumers have with those goods and services.This P essentially provides answers to the following questions:What is it that makes customers choose your product over others?What kinds of problems does it solve? Why do people find your goods and/or services attractive?There could be a series of underlying elements for the last question.For instance, customers could be attracted to a product’s packaging, name, quality, features, design, ease-of-use, or support.Sure the payment is for the physical product, but the purchase itself is influenced by the whole buying experience.In fact, all of the elements in the 4Ps model are centered around the customer.But to conduct a successful sale, it is crucial for a business to know who their audience is and what they care about.Besides that, you have to create buyer personas, conduct customer research and learn as much about your current and potential customer base as you can.All of these details can help you make decisions that are able to appeal to and resonate within your target audiences.2.  PriceYou don’t want to price your products and/or services that are too high or too low for your customers. If the price is too high, people may assume you’re being greedy.But if the price is too low, people may assume that the good or service isn’t very effective.You’ll find it pretty hard to make a sale, especially if you’re a new company and people don’t know who you are or what you sell.Fortunately, businesses employ a number of pricing strategies to increase their selling chances, including subscription, bundle, economy, competitive, discount and psychological pricing.You may have noticed that at grocery stores, generic food brands have lower prices than name-brands. This is what’s called economy pricing.There are even prices with odd decimals, such as “53.99” or “3.97” that are usually seen at department stores.This is called psychological pricing which is done to convince people that a product is less expensive. It’s also commonly practiced in auto sales.More importantly, the strategy you opt for has to be based on the value of your product, the cost of production and distribution, consumer demand and competitive landscape.The price can even be greatly influenced by your consumers.But you have to price your products realistically. If, let’s say your target market is in the middle-income bracket, then charging $900+ for a handbag is impractical.3.  PromotionPromotion refers to telling people about your products and services. It covers every aspect and tactic of communication that can help you get the word out.In case you’re wondering, promotion isn’t interchangeable with marketing. Promotion focuses on how you communicate your product or service to your audience.Not only does it cover the entire marketing function, but it also addresses the sales process and other areas including advertising and public relations.But the whole point of promotion isn’t just to sell a product (even though that is one of the more crucial functions of a business).Before you can even come to the transaction part, it is vital for you to inform people about the kind of products and services you sell, the kinds of problems they solve and why they are worth buying.Having a good looking product helps, but the main takeaway of a promotion is to ensure that it solves the specific need of your customer.During the promotional stage, you have to ensure that your message is both clear and tailored to your target audience.Inform them about the features that come with your products and services and how they are beneficial.Some of the questions that you must ask yourself include:What differentiates your business from your competitors?Does it provide products of high quality at lower prices? Does your company offer a faster service and more flexibility?If you want your promotional message to get across and attract potential customers, you have to include those differentiators in order to set yourself apart from your rivals.When keeping your audience as the focal point of your promotion, you will know which channel to use to get the word out.Also, keep these questions in mind when developing promotional messages to your customers:What types of content do customers consume on a daily basis?Where are they situated? What times of the day are they consuming the most content?Here are some of the most common channels that businesses use for promotional purposes:PodcastsWord-of-mouthSocial mediaPress releasesEmailPublic relationsTelevision adsPrintPay-per-click (PPC) ads4.  PlacePlace refers to the distribution of your company’s products. It answers how customers will be able to find and purchase your goods and services as well as whether it will be sold at retail stores or exclusively online.The two most common distribution channels include direct sales and wholesalers.If, for instance, you operate a local retail business, then it is likely you will use direct sales at your location. You can also choose to offer some items online.But whether in-store or online, you are the main contact who manages and shapes the overall customer experience.The second option for businesses to sell their goods and services is through a reseller or a wholesaler.If you’re selling stuff through Walmart or Amazon, then you fit the category.One great advantage of working with a wholesaler is that they usually have a wider distribution network and a larger customer-base.But even though it’s possible to reach out to more customers, you may also lose some of that customer connection that comes with direct sales.Aside from that, it can also be an extremely difficult and lengthy process to reach a deal with a bigtime wholesaler like Walmart.Another thing is that if your business doesn’t have a consistent supply of products all year, then intermediary sales is not the right place for it.But if your business includes sales or products that are seasonal or available for a limited time only, then direct sales are better option.When planning a marketing strategy, there’s a considerable difference between knowing the framework and then having to put it into practice.Here’s a step-by-step process on what you should be doing:MARKETING STRATEGY TEMPLATENow that you understand what the model is, the next thing to do is to use it.To do that, you first need to have a solid understanding of your target market, or your ideal customer.Define Your Target AudienceIf you have already worked out the ideal customer for your goods and services, you have to describe them as well.Consider the following information:AgeSocioeconomic statusLocationGenderEducation levelHobbies and interestsProfession or industry they are inCommon problems they faceOther identifying characteristicsWhen you’ve developed a clear understanding of the kind of target audience you’re aiming for, you can begin developing the 4Ps of marketing, starting with product.What are Your Products and Benefits?The first thing you should do for your strategy is to describe your products and services as well as the qualities and benefits that come with them and your company.Other details to touch upon are:QualityPackaging and DesignFeaturesFunctionalityWarranties (If there are any.)Consider Toggle as an exampleMain Features:  Time-trackingReportingProject managementTeam ma nagementIntegrationsSupportFunctions:Manage individual and team projectsAble to track work online and offlineView billable hours and generate reportsAssess and improve productivityPackaging and Design:Since Toggl is a digital app, it doesn’t have a physical product packaging. Though it does have a simple design and a user interface.Just like that, you have to describe your own products and services using these parameters. After that, you can compare these product qualities with those of your competitors.You will then be able to identify one or two benefits of your product that are better than your competitors and have their customers coming over to you potentially or eventually.Some of Toggle’s main highlights include:Accurate and honest client billing processBetter internal resource planning for businessesIncreasing productivity by making work time more focusedYour product can have a number of benefits, but you should focus more on the ones that are both unique and help you sta nd out from your competitors.Select the Right PricePricing products can be really tricky game. If let’s say, you’re a reseller, you can use the manufacturer’s suggested retail price as a basis.But if your product is made completely by your own hands, then you have to consider a couple of factors.To set a price for your products and services, answer the following questions:What is your revenue goal?How much money are you expecting to make?How much would my target audience be willing to pay?What are your overhead costs?What price rates do your competitors charge?What is a typical price for the industry?What are the ideal production and distribution costs per unit?Apart from the amount, you need to determine the frequency that you will charge your customers and the kind of pricing strategy you’re going to use.For example, Toggl uses monthly subscription pricing, which is based on the number of users and the size of the business.Though most organizations are fine with the linear Waterfall PM strategy, some managers in certain fields find it to be quite restricting.If they plan only at the beginning of the project, they will lose the advantage of the knowledge and experience that they gain while completing it.The subscription model is comparable to other freelancer and enterprise apps in the market, but is still competitively priced.Promotion and SalesThe first thing to consider for promotion is the best way for you to market and sell your product.Since toggl is an online app, the manufacturers are able to focus on digital sales straight from their site.But if you want to interact with customers in-person, then you have to have a physical location.For example, a beauty spa or a hair salon needs a store location in order to conduct their business.You have to research whatever your competitors are up to as you are likely targeting the same demographic as well as using the same channels as they are.In this case, the only way to differentiate yourself from them is how you communicate with your audience.The next step is to consider the best way to reach out to your customers.If your audience is, for example, people over the age of 50-60, you may not have as much success in promoting your products and services on Facebook, Twitter, SnapChat or Instagram.Instead, you can reach them more effectively by word-of-mouth, television or print.But if your target audience members are the tech-savvy millennials, then social media is your go-to option.If you use all of the above methods effectively, the 4Ps model can efficiently guide and direct your marketing and business strategies.They can help both businesses and marketers learn more about the needs and buying behaviors of their customers.Even though the marketing mix and 4Ps model has been around for decades, they aren’t completely flawless.With that in mind, there are some limitations and criticisms that you should be aware of when applying this model.WEAKNESSES OF THE MARKETING MIXThe 4Ps of t he marketing mix have several weaknesses in which they leave out or underemphasize a couple of important marketing activities.For instance, services are not overtly mentioned, although they can be categorized as products (like service products).Other marketing activities (like packaging) are not specifically mentioned but are placed in one of the 4Ps.Another major problem is that the 4Ps focus on the seller’s view of the market when it is the buyer’s view that should be focused on the most.

Power Imbalances Can Impede An Individual s Attempt For...

Power imbalances can impede an individual’s attempt to manage work-related conflict in many ways. It is noteworthy that imbalance in power arises from the differences that exist between the employers and employees. Therefore, power could be destructive as a result of its disparity. In any organization, the title of any individual reveals the power that person holds in the company. However, any individual who seeks to resolve conflicts at work-place will have to be influential just like his/her position. It is common that employees are likely to pay more listening attention to their boss or employer more than a fellow colleague. This similar effect can also be created by power imbalance in conflict. According to the Registered Nurses’ Association of Antorio (2012), it is because of regular feelings of influence propound undesired consequences. It is common that people that are highly placed (with power) devalue those with less power to develop sentiments such as hostilit y and exasperation. Notably, such feelings impede managing work-place conflicts in organizations. However, in view of this, this paper will present a synthesized meaning of conflict and power, determine how power can constrain or exacerbate conflict and discuss ways for leaders to integrate conflict mediation into organizational culture with examples of scenarios in each analysis. Synthesized Meaning of Conflict and Power To prevent a synthesized meaning of conflict and power gives one anShow MoreRelatedAn Assessment Of Competencies Of Team Leaders9717 Words   |  39 PagesTeam Leaders in managing work-related stress in the workplace† By Jerrod Jarvis A Research paper presented to the Department of Occupational Safety and Health Cipriani College of Labour and Co-operative Studies In partial fulfilment of the Bachelor Degree in Occupational Safety, Health and the Environment Churchill-Roosevelt Highway Valsayn Republic of Trinidad and Tobago June 2015 ‘Except where stated otherwise this report is based entirely on the author’s own work’. 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Helen Keller Free Essays

Helen Keller Free Essays The Minds Eye As humans we become thankful for what we have after having to go without. We do not become thankful for the light until we have had to walk through the dark tunnel. In â€Å"Three Days to See† by Helen Keller the author in a descriptive manner goes through three days vividly explaining the sights she wanted to see and explore had she gained her vision for the allotted time. We will write a custom essay sample on Helen Keller or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Helen Keller was born in sweet home Alabama in 1880. In the small town of Tuscumbia at nineteen months old Helen fell very sick† (Keller 210) . Though the sickness that ailed her had passed rather quickly, it left her permanently blind. I feel as if Helen Keller overcame the most adversity because she was put at a disadvantage from the beginning. Helen had to overcome her disabilities as well as being the woman that she was in a male dominant society. Helen Keller succeeding in conquering the obstacles set before her by graduating college, learning to read and write via braille, and having such an impact on society in more ways than not. Since her infant years helen keller was basically blind. When i think about jamming my finger and the difficulties of not using it, it is is then when i come to realize the value of my finger. On a larger scale i cannot begin to fathom being blind and it not going away. In â€Å"Three Days to see† Helen goes on to talk about what seems to be the smaller simple things to the able man and how he takes for granted the abilities he posses. â€Å"Only the deaf appreciate hearing, only the blind realize the manifold blessings that lie in sight†(Keller 212). Helen thinks or wishes each man would do well to be stricken blind and deaf for a few days in his/her early adulthood. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound†(Keller 212). Ultimately this is true. Ms. Keller with her friends would test them to see what they had saw walking through the woods. Her friends would often say â€Å"nothing in particular†. In this instance Helen realizes the lack of concentration and ad miration people had for the faculties they possessed. The influential Helen Keller would become accustomed to the responses and lack of appreciation for sight. Coping with her disability Helen becomes one of the most prudent women in society. Her imprint is still visible today from literature, womans rights, and she serves as a great role model as well as an inspiration for individuals that have similar physical limitations. Subsequently, with the persistence and dedication of Helen, she gained the interest and was taken under Anne Sullivans wing who was also vision impaired. â€Å"Sullivan moved into Kellers home in 1887 to work with her† (Keller 210). I believe it could have been easier for Helen just to be content with being disabled but her mother and her sought out help to better her. Sullivan who graduated from the Perkins institute for the blind, aided Helen in her journey and gave her the foundation and the needed knowledge to graduate from Radcliffe College. Instead of letting her disabilities cripple her mentally and emotionally Helen went on to achieve many great things. â€Å"The first blind and deaf person to do so†(Keller 210). â€Å"she became a renowned speaker and author, advocating for disability rights, suffrage, and pacifism†( Keller 210). i think she had a vision that only she could see with her minds eye. er disability with her sight actually strengthened her imagination and ability to think on a higher level. Helen in many aspects was the precedent or the first to do a slew of what she accomplished in her time. In addition to her education Ms. Keller had a vast imagination in a world where those with her disabilities were supposed to fail. Assistance was never provided to Helen. Without her imagination i truly believe her ambitions would have been limited. Realistically, she succeeded in a world where man was dominate, and it was thought women could not achieve or do the same things as men. She published articles, as well as twelve books, including her autobiography, The Story of My Life (1903), and The World I Live In (1908)† (Keller 210). She had to overcome the adversity of men and her abilities in a time frame when a womans rights and her abilities were not looked at equally. In efforts to laud Helen Keller, i believe overcoming being blind and deaf, and being a woman in a â€Å"mans world† is a much greater feat than any other. She overcame adversity with her imagination and education. I deeply think that in three days to see, she would conquer the world. How to cite Helen Keller, Papers

A Rose For Emily Character Analysis Essay Example For Students

A Rose For Emily Character Analysis Essay An Interpretation of William Faulkners A Rose for Emily In the short story A Rose for Emily, William Faulkner tells the sad story of a woman who has had an extremely sheltered life. It is a tragic story in which Miss Emilys hopes and dreams for a normal life are hopelessly lost. William Faulkner was simply writing a sad story that can be related to anyone who has had hopes and aspirations, but has conflict within themselves and with others and who is unable to fulfill any of them. Miss Emily is kept at home by her father and is almost hidden from the world. It is not said in the story, but it is assumed that Miss Emilys mother is deceased or no longer around. The reader is left with the impression that her father was uncaring, abusive, and arrogant. Apparently he kept Miss Emily hidden from fitting suitors and did not let her make a life of her own. After her fathers death, Miss Emily was emotional unstable. For three days after her father died, she refused to acknowledge his death. She wouldnt let the towns people dispose of his body. She then regressed when they finally came to take his body out (because of the horrible smell which all of the neighbors were complaining about). Miss Emily locked herself away in her self-imposed dark world. When she finally comes out in to the town again, she has cut off all of her hair trying to make herself look like a little girl. Perhaps because she was trying to regain stolen time by her father. During this time she meets Homer, a man the townspeople consider beneath her who seems to almost replace her father. She finally seems to have found happiness, but is then seen buying poison in the local drug store. She asks for arsenic and refuses to tell the druggist what it is for. The townspeople think she is going to kill herself. Later they will find out how wrong they were! The townspeople try to pressure Miss Emily to marry Homer because they call their relationship improper and disgraceful. The townspeople contact her cousins to come into town and request their intervention. They come quickly and seem to talk some sense into her. The townspeople were assured of their marriage and her cousins returned home after one week. Homer then returned three days later and was seen coming into Miss Emilys back door. That was the last that was seen of him. The couple did not appear for six months. Rumors spread that her new husband was a shadow of her father and would not let her out. Other than a period of about six or seven months when she was about forty, Miss Emily was only seen when she was giving china painting lessons to some of the local girls. Years later, the girls stopped coming and she locked herself away for the next thirty years. At the age of seventy-four, her lifeless body was found in one of the down stairs beds. Her dusty retreat was open for the townspeople to come in and pay their respects. After her burial, the room upstairs that had not been seen for forty years was opened to reveal what appeared to be a bridal suite. Dust covered crystal and a mans toiletries made of tarnished silver were near a grooms suit. At last the shocking discovery was made. The rotting corpse of a man in a nightshirt was all that was left in the bed. Next to the body, was the indentation of a head. .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 , .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .postImageUrl , .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 , .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:hover , .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:visited , .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:active { border:0!important; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:active , .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7 .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u640ac8c4f39b54c34b54040c158380f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Future of Management Essay Found on the pillow was a long iron gray hair, which was Miss Emilys. It is thought that Miss Emily gave Homer an ultimatum that he had to either marry her or leave. When Homer refused her request, she was disgraced and deeply hurt. She was also reminded of her fathers unloving ways. She decided to end her misery and lash out her frustrations by poisoning the object of her desire. Although her crime of passion was sinful, the reader can still sympathize with her plight. You are left feeling sorry for Miss Emily because she left this world with out every truly being loved or appreciated. She was taken advantage of not only by her father, but also by her lover and the townspeople who taunted her and used her as the center of their gossip.

Negative effects of putting up a home shelter in the neighborhood

How to Make Biodiesel From Algae

How to Make Biodiesel From Algae Algae is easy to produce and requires less land to do so than many other plant sources commonly used in the making of fuels, making it an attractive candidate for full-scale biodiesel production. In addition, with a composition containing about half lipid oils, algae appear to be a rich resource as a biofuel feedstock. How to Extract Oil From Algae Not surprisingly, there are numerous ways to remove the lipids, or oils, from the walls of algae cells. But you may be surprised to learn that none of them are particularly earth-shaking methods. For example, ever hear of an olive press? One of the ways for extracting oil from algae works very much like the technique used in an oil press. This is the simplest and most common method for extracting oil from algae and yields about 75 percent of the total available oil from the algae plant. Another common method is the hexane solvent method. When combined with the oil press method, this step can yield up to 95 percent of available oil from algae. It utilizes a two-step process. The first is to utilize the oil press method. Then, instead of stopping there, the leftover algae is mixed with hexane, filtered and cleaned to remove all traces of the chemical in the oil. Used less frequently, the supercritical fluid method can extract up to 100 percent of available oil from the algae. Carbon dioxide is pressurized and heated to change its composition into both a liquid as well as a gas. It is then mixed with the algae, which turns the algae completely into oil. Although it can yield 100 percent of available oil, the plentiful supply of algae as well as the additional equipment and work required, make this one of the least popular options. More diversified than the extraction processes are the methods used for growing the algae so that it will yield the most oil. Growing Algae for the Production of Biodiesel Unlike extraction methods, which are practically universal, growing algae for biodiesel varies greatly in process and method used. While it is possible to identify three primary ways to grow algae, biodiesel manufacturers have worked hard to tweak these processes and make them their own in the quest for perfecting the algae growing process. Open-Pond Growing One of the easiest processes to understand is known as open-pond growing. This is also the most natural way to grow algae for the purpose of biodiesel production. Just as its name would imply, in this method, algae are grown on open ponds, particularly in very warm and sunny parts of the globe, with the hope of maximizing production. This is the simplest form of production, but not surprisingly, it also has some serious drawbacks. In order to truly maximize algae production using this method, water temperature needs to be controlled which can prove very difficult. In addition, this method is more dependent on weather than others, another variable that is impossible to control. Vertical Growth Another method for growing algae is a vertical growth or closed loop production system. This process actually came about as biofuel companies sought to produce algae quicker and more efficiently than what was possible utilizing open pond growth. Vertical growing places algae in clear, plastic bags which allows them to be exposed to sunlight on more than just one side. These bags are stacked high and protected from the elements with a cover. While that extra sun may seem trivial, in reality, the clear plastic bag provides just enough exposure to sunlight to increase the rate of the algae production. Obviously, the greater the algae production, the greater the potential amount of oil that will later be extracted. And unlike the open pond method where algae is exposed to contamination, the vertical growth method isolates algae from this concern. Closed-Tank Bioreactor Plants A third method of extraction that biodiesel companies are continuing to perfect is the construction of algae closed-tank bioreactor plants to further increase already-high oil production. In this method, algae isnt grown outside. Instead, indoor plants are built with large, round drums that are able to grow algae under near perfect conditions. Within these barrels, the algae can be manipulated into growing at maximum levelseven to the point they can be harvested every day. This method, understandably, results in a very high output of algae and oil for biodiesel. Some companies are locating their closed bioreactor plants near energy plants so that extra carbon dioxide can actually be recycled rather than polluting the air. Biodiesel manufacturers continue to hone the closed container and closed-pond processes, with some developing a variation known as fermentation. In this method, algae is cultivated in closed containers where it is fed sugar to spur growth. Following this process is attractive to growers since it provides complete control over an environment. A lesser advantage is that this method is not reliant upon weather or similar climatic conditions to be viable. However, this process has researchers considering sustainable methods for obtaining enough sugar to maximize algae production.

Vincent Van Gogh and Andy Warhol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vincent Van Gogh and Andy Warhol - Essay Example The paper "Vincent Van Gogh and Andy Warhol" compares the artworks of the two artists, Vincent Van Gogh and Andy Warhol. Andy Warhol was charmed to popularity and became one of the significant figures to pop art in the United States, in which he uses manufactured materials as his source for creating exceptional artworks. Despite their individual approaches and influences to art, both have the passion in painting as the primary and fundamental medium in doing their artworks. However, Andy Warhol gained popularity in the art, advertisement, and entertainment industries because of his usage to different mediums in creating artworks, such as filmmaking, carving, sketching, cartooning, and photography. In contrast to Vincent van Gogh, he was more on the usage of different methods of painting in order to capture a fleeting result of hue, value, and intensity within his artwork. However, his approach was criticized by other artists because he neglected the importance of outlining the partic ulars and carried on directly to putting of colors in his paintings. In addition, Warhol and van Gogh have their similar way of presenting their artworks, but they differ on the techniques being used. For example, van Gogh’s famous painting is the â€Å"Starry Night,† which portrays stars illuminating the city at night. In this artwork, van Gogh painted the lines in a horizontally calm direction, but with a texture that seems to be crude in a manner to present a foreground and background structure for the viewers.

Models of Institutional Control Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Models of Institutional Control - Coursework Example This paper discusses the three models and explains their effectiveness as forms of institutionalization. Under this model, the prison administration has the authority in its hands. The administrators are uncompromising and apply stringent control measures over inmates’ lives. Under this model, official channel utilizing a chain of command binds communication between administrators and staff (Dilulio, 1987). The control model is an effective tool in sustaining internal order within a prison system (Stojkovic, 2004). The responsibility model allows inmates to have some control and as a result, there is less disorder. Here, prison administrators rely on maintaining order by placing restrictions on institutional control and letting prisoners to self-govern within a security setting. The communication between staff and prison administrators is casual and all staff members communicate on daily basis without following a chain of command (Dilulio, 1987). This model is effective in preventing tension and disorder within the prison (Stojkovic, 2004). The consensual model is a blend of responsibility and control models. This model shadows the responsibility model in that inmates have some control within the prison system and as such, there is less disorder. This model disregards both the control and the responsibility models. The model argues for a less restrictive prison environment and is liberal concerning policies governing prisoners’ welfare. Communication between staff and prison administrators is both informal and formal (Dilulio, 1987). This model is effective in fostering inmates’ participation in decision making process and choice of prison policies such as grooming and property rights (Brydensholt,

The logisitics and supply chain of Dell

The logisitics and supply chain of Dell This is the era of globalisation which means that individuals are living in one world. There are no more limitations, and boundaries are diminishing in every possible ways. Moreover, trading worldwide has become very common now. This scenario leads us to have greater and detail knowledge on managing international operations and the supply chain. The subject tends to be much more complex than it may sound. Appropriate logistics and supply chain help companies to save huge amount of costs and generate greater revenue. In this report, I have analysed, applied academic modules and put my best effort to deliver the logistics and supply chain system of Dell Inc. Dell Inc. is one of the largest IT companies providing information technology and business related services, support and solutions worldwide with 100,300 employees. It was established in 1984 with only $1,000 capital in Texas, United States. The unique strategy of Dell to sell custom built PCs (Personal Computers) directly to customers, eliminating middlemen to enhance customers savings was practiced at the initial stage of its establishment by Michael Dell. However, as per the sources, the company now operates in four global business segments; Large Enterprise, Public, Small and Medium Business, and Consumer. The focus of this case study is the supply chain management practices of Dell. Dell has been following its unique direct build-to-order sales model for more than 20 years. Customers can plan their own configuration and place orders directly with the company via the phone or its Web site. Over the years, Dells supply chain efficiencies and direct sales gave it a competitive advantage. The nature of logistics and international trade: Globalisation or international trade has become a common ground for most traders now. It is a general rule for businesses to enhance their potential growth by increasing revenues and cutting down costs. In implementation of this rule, logistics plays an important role in any kind of business operating globally or locally. However, the proper management of logistics is even more crucial when it comes to international traders. In earlier period, logistics was only described as warehousing or trucks and sheds. However, warehousing is one of the fundamental components of logistics. The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (CILT) in the UK define logistics as, Getting the right product to the right place in the right quantity at the right time, in the best condition and at an acceptable cost. The above definition makes us clear that logistics involve getting everything right in the process to meet customers requirements and expectations from beginning to the point of consumption. In general, 8R are followed in order to define and implement logistics. They are; right product, right place, right quantity, right time, right customer, right way, right cost, and right quality. Our Dell Global Logistics Teams aim to develop and sustain a global transportation and logistics network that uses the most efficient and effective means for us and our transportation providers to distribute our products to our customers. Our job is to get the right stuff, to the right place, at the right time. Furthermore, our Dell Logistics Teams must do this at the right cost. We continue to optimize transportation costs while improving quality and striving to exceed the service expectations of our customers. In fiscal year 2009, many dynamic changes within the Dell fulfillment model challenged our Dell Global Logistics Teams. During the past year, our Dell Logistics Teams continued to do the following: Optimize our inbound and outbound transportation networks, focusing on using the most efficient use of air, land and ocean modes of transportation Work green initiatives that demonstrate that we recognize our roles and responsibilities in being good stewards of the environment Collaborate with the best logistics and transportation providers, who are focused on providing our customers with timely and damage-free deliveries, and operate their businesses within the principles of environmental stewardship. Supply chain strategies: Supply chain strategies are the approaches related to logistics and supply chain that are influenced or related with the organisations strategy. Corporate strategy Business Unit Strategy Functional Strategy As discussed in Pascal Renet (2010), Supply Chain is one of the most crucial parts of an organisation and its strategy lies on aligning and developing it according to the nature of an organisation. The figure below demonstrates the alignment and development of supply chain strategy. Many Supply Chain strategies are formed by using the above mentioned variables. However, there are two principle strategies practiced widely in the real world situation. They are; lean and agile. Lean strategy has been a huge success from the early years of 1930. Its main aspect is to add value (which includes efficiency and effectiveness) at each stages and steps of the process and eliminate processes that do not contribute in value adding of the system, services or product. Some of the most popular processes used in lean strategy are; Just In Time (JIT), Pull based system, Make-To-Order (MTO). Agile strategy is practiced to effectively deal with uncertainties caused by various factors, which may include terrorism, natural calamities, demand system of the market and many more that vigorously affects a business environment. The main technique in agile strategy is mass customisation which follows the production philosophy known as principle of postponement. Leagile strategy is the combination of lean and agile strategies. Michael Dell (2007) states, As we continue to grow worldwide, it is important that we increase our ability, via the direct model, to manufacture close to our customer and fully integrate our supply chain into one global organization. This will allow us to drive for even greater excellence in quality, cycle time and delivered cost. We will innovate and adapt our supply chain model to help drive differentiated product design, manufacturing and distribution models. Directs Sales The direct model refers to the fact that Dell does not use the retails channel, but sells its PCs directly to customers through its website, Dell.com, as Figure 4 shows. This way the intermediary steps that may add time and cost are eliminated, and Dell is directly linked to its customers. Indirect Distribution Channel of the PC Industry Dells Direct Distribution Channel Areti Manataki (2007), In fact, Dell sells directly to all its customers, from home-PC users to the worlds largest corporations [54]. This way it creates a direct relationship with each individual customer, which turns out to be a great source of competitive advantage. As Michael Dell has stated, this direct relationship creates valuable information about the customer, thus Dell knows who the end users are, what they have bought from Dell and what their preferences are, a fact that allows Dell to offer add-on products and services, and stay, in general, closer to the customer [27]. As Lawton et al [29] suggest, this provides Dell with a wealth of marketing and product development information. Especially in the case of large customers, the above-mentioned direct relationship is upgraded to virtual integration. With the help of information technology and traditional face-to-face human contact, customers work with Dell as partners; this means that Dell is not going to be just their PC vendor anymore, but their IT department for PCs, as Michael Dell claims. There are two main facilities that bring Dell and its customers closer: Premier Pages and Platinum Councils. Premier Pages, now called Premier.Dell.com, are customised IT procurement and support sites for big clients, which let them decide and manage their purchases from Dell, thus leaving to salespeople a more consultative role. Premier.Dell.com represents a customised sales channel and as Dell has realised how beneficiary that is, it has increased the number of Premier Pages from 1000 in 1998 to 50,000 in 2000 [36]. Platinum Councils are regional meetings of Dells largest customers, where executives, salespeople and technicians discuss their experience with Dell and their needs and expectations from technology. Additionally, Dells Customer Experience Initiative, Dell Forums [55], the Direct2Dell blog [57] and the IdeaStorm [56] illustrate the importance that Dell places on its customer relationships. in the case of Dell, a computer is built only after a customer has placed an order; then lean manufacturing and just-in-time production take place. This means that once an order is placed, configuration details are sent to the manufacturing floor and the assembly begins; once the computer is built and the requested software is downloaded, it is shipped by a 3PL to the customer. The choice of a build-to-order and JIT manufacturing procedure has several advantages for Dell. First, the level of inventories is very small, leading to low inventory costs and faster response to demand changes for instance, when a new microprocessor comes out in the market, Dell can immediately order it from its suppliers, as there is no excess inventory to get rid of first. Also, it is common that customers pay for an order before Dell pays its suppliers for the products components, thus letting Dell operate on a negative cash conversion cycle [27]. Not to forget the fact that this way customized products are offered, and instead of guessing, Dell knows exactly what its customers want before producing it. What is special in the case of Dell is its relationship to its suppliers, which also facilitates its build-to-order model. Dell fully adopts the approach of the extended enterprise by viewing its suppliers as an integral part of doing business and a key factor for its success. The supplier effectively becomes our partner, as Michael Dell states [15]. Logistics service providers: Third Party Logistics Service Providers both at global levels and local levels form major partners to manage and offer Supply Chain services and the second major factor being the internet and IT technology which helps manage information and data ahead of or along with flow of materials and goods. Dell has manufacturing facilities located in Austin-Texas, North Carolina, Miami, Florida that service US Markets. European Markets are serviced from its plants in Ireland and Poland. Asia and other sub continents are supported by its manufacturing facilities in Penang in Malaysia and Xiamen in China along with the latest factory setup in Chennai in India. South America is serviced from its Eldora do plant while the new plan in Brazil supports the African continent. One can imagine the complexities involved in designing procurement systems. Dell does not buy raw materials and components and maintain inventory. Dells vendors use third party service providers to setup logistics parks and distribution warehouses close to Dells plants and deliver materials just in time to the plant against an order for production which is triggers based on an order confirmed by the customer on the internet. Under procurement Logistics in this case, there are number of logistics service providers who play major part in ensuring smooth operations. Vendors are based out of Europe, Taiwan, China, Singapore, Hong Kong, Korea and Japan etc. Our Dell Logistics Teams continued to explore the use of every mode of transportation and sought opportunities to ship more freight using modes that offer greater reduction in fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Our regional teams examined the ability to upgrade the attach rates for freight that was best moved by sea instead of by air. Feasibility studies are planned for various transportation modes, such as rail from Asia to Europe, sea/air from Asia to Europe and rail network from China to South Asia. In Asia-Pacific/Japan (APJ), the optimal mode of transport is ocean shipment to countries such as Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Logistics Operations in Supply Chain Network (2011). Management Study Guide. http://www.managementstudyguide.com/logistics-operations-in-supply-chain-network.htm Procurement and outsourcing: Dell outsources its supply chain reinvention 14 JUNE 2010 Guy Clapperton As part of the reinvention of its business model, the computer maker handed the support and operation of its supply chain to a third party Dell was the hardware manufacturing success story of the 1990s, thanks to such innovative business practices as selling to customers directly and assembling devices to order. The past ten years, however, have seen Dell rather lose its edge to Apple in the consumer space and to Hewlett-Packard in business. That has prompted an attempted reinvention at the company. One of the most conspicuous facets of this has been Dells acquisition of ITservice provider Perot Systems in the second half of 2009. Just as significant, though rather less visible, has been the expansion of its global supply chain to include both retailers and so-called original design manufacturers, which sell complete devices for Dell to rebadge. This transformation placed a significant new burden on Dells supplier engagement processes, and the disparate systems that supported them. The company therefore decided to outsource these processes and systems to Inovis, a US-based business-to-business outsourcing provider. http://www.information-age.com/channels/it-services/features/1261013/dell-outsources-its-supply-chain-reinvention.thtml Inventory, warehousing and materials management: Transport planning: While the shipments are in transit, the freight forwarders electronically transfer shipment information and documentations to their overseas offices or agents at the destination and keep Dell and vendors informed of the status of shipments. Freight forwarders at the destination ports file advance shipment documents with customs and on arrival of cargo, complete customs formalities and custom cleared cargo is then transported to freight forwarders warehouse or customs bonded warehouse or to another designated third party warehouse which houses all inventories meant for Dell. The third party service provider who manages the inventories in his warehouse receives the cargo, unpacks the shipments from bulk skids to individual carton level and completes inbound formalities including up dating of inventories in its system and stocks the materials in designated rack locations. Both vendors and Dell are continuously kept informed of the data regarding shipments and stocks. The warehouse stocks inventories in the name of various vendors at SKU level. Most of the times these warehouses are situated adjacent to the plant or at close proximity. Upon receiving a production order from Dell, as per Bill of Material received through DELL ERP system, items are picked up, loaded into the supply cages and trays as per pre determined design and delivered to the plant after completing documentation and system entries to remove inventory from its system held in vendors name, invoice raised and physical delivery accompanied with documents completes the supply chain cycle of Ra w material supply. The revenue recognition happens when material is transferred out of the warehouse and its system and invoiced to Dell.

Genetically Modified Food and Gm Foods Essay

It’s been said that humans are what they eat. The relationship humans have with food is unappreciated. Food is the fuel that keeps humans going, gives them the energy needed to be creative and productive; it is the building block of society, after all, it wasn’t until the Neolithic Era, when humans figured out a way to domesticate plants and animals, that any form of organized society formed. Even during the previous hunter-gatherer foraging era, humans were very connected to the food they ate; understanding where it came and having an idea of how it came to be was crucial to knowing what was vital to survive. In this time, food sources like grains, fruits, and vegetables were naturally abundant, whole. Humans could choose between many different types of nutritious food because there were thousands of varieties of species. Unfortunately, as populations grew and more civilized societies formed, various farming techniques were created, and a vast majority of these species became extinct to make way for the harvesting of a select few (Pringle). In the industrial era, societies around the world, especially western ones, emphasized the importance of technological advancements. With this pursuit of technology, nature became something to control rather than live with; an attempt at making life simpler, better. Breaching the gap between nature and technology is optimization. It is this obsession with optimization that most accurately characterizes contemporary America. Undoubtedly, it comes with great costs. As it turns out, optimization is a business, and a profitable one. Thus, the costs and effects of optimization are often hidden from the public by industrial leaders in an effort to maintain profits. They control the businesses they run and protect themselves by dumping millions of dollars into politics. Today, it seems that the gap between nature and technology has been breached with the propagation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). The aliens that now fill supermarkets nationwide represent the ultimate disconnect from natural, whole foods necessary for a healthy lifestyle. People are relatively uninformed about GM foods, issues include: their benefits, the testing and safety, the harmful effects they can have on the body and environment, the government’s role as overseer, the labeling controversy, and the â€Å"substantially equivalent† principle; all of these issues are conveniently hidden vitalities in understanding the danger, the deleterious effects, and the risks of GM foods. In tackling these issues, an additional understanding of the historic background of how GMOs came to be is equally important. Advocates for the rapid advance of technology will cite the numerous positive breakthroughs, the internet, healthcare, the numerous inventions; it’s hard to argue with, which is why when addressing GM foods, the emphasis should be placed on the relationship between technology and nature, specifically within the food industry, and how this relationship has become too intimate, to the point where it’s difficult to differentiate between technology and nature. The courtship leading to the marriage between technology and nature is exemplified in Peter Pringle’s book, Food, Inc. , in which he discusses the 1960’s Green Revolution, a turning point in agriculture during which producers moved from traditional to monoculture methods of farming. This vastly increased crop yields. But how? Farmers had high yields because they started to use fertilizers and pesticides containing chemicals like nitrogen, left over from World War II explosives. New irrigation systems were introduced and animals replaced some human labor in order to handle the large crop fields and monoculture agriculture provided food relief to starving nations post-war (Pringle). Farmers experienced a rude awakening when yields started to decline due to a number of unforeseen or unaddressed consequences. Although the Green Revolution saved or improved millions of lives during the 1960’s, little consideration was given to the future effects it could have on environmental sustainability. The lack of food plant diversity eventually led to multiple problems, like the mass destruction of crops that had contracted disease or succumbed to pesticide-resistant insects, chemically saturated and overly watered soils, and an inevitable decline in production yields (Pringle). Obviously, the United States needed to find a solution to this problem. By the late 1900s, many scientists and biotechnologists approved and advocated genetic engineering as the most viable solution. This process is best described by Lauren and Robin Ticciati in their book, Genetically Modified Foods: Are They Safe? You Decide. According to the Ticciati’s, scientists planned to take a gene from one completely different organism and insert it into the plant in order to make it yield a desired outcome (Ticciati). The goal was to create food plants that could grow and withstand harsh conditions like pesticides, infertile soil, unfavorable climates, and geographical locations. Despite wariness from skeptical environmentalists about the unknown future effects of genetic food engineering, the companies who profit from this new food technology proclaimed it to be the wave of the future. As the Ticciati’s evidenced, in 1996, when the FDA approved the use of genetically engineered foods with no special label requirements, the GM foods were introduced on grocery market shelves with relatively no consumer awareness. This is just another example of how society is not clueless by choice. If this seems a harsh diagnosis, take into context what Kathleen Hart exemplified in her book, Eating in the Dark; a survey which took place just a couple years after GM foods were released revealed about two-thirds of the American adult population had no idea that supermarkets were carrying such items (Hart). Since then, GMOs have become part of the staple food products in the diets of the everyday consumer. Part of the problem is that nobody is exactly sure how harmful GM foods are, but there is substantial evidence to show that they can have a devastating effect on the economy, the human body, and the environment. In Food, Inc. , Pringle discusses the farming method of artificial hybrid breeding which became a huge success in the mid-1900s and attracted a lot of commercial attention, spawning the term â€Å"agribusiness. † Scientists found that by crossing-breeding â€Å"two varieties [of a species of plant] that had been inbred, [and] fertilized by their own pollen for three or four generations showed a tremendous leap in hybrid vigor, with grain yields up to 50 percent higher [than the natural bred variety]† (Pringle). Unfortunately, when naturally crossed in the farmers’ fields, the hybrids’ strength did not withstand, so farmers had to rely on industry-produced super seeds. An economic boom occurred within the seed and fertilizer industries, with businesses rapidly sprouting up like the crops they helped produce. A few decades later â€Å"the early warnings of genetic uniformity suddenly became a reality,† (Pringle). One alarming discovery was the fact that since only one type of species was being harvested in a given area, if a crop contracted a disease, the entire field was wiped out, which meant no income that season for many farmers (Pringle). The companies who were invested in this new agricultural era and had seen the enormous profit potential in having a hand in controlling the food chain were not going to just quit. They pushed further into science, seeking ways to alter a species’ genetic make-up in order for it to conform to optimization, instead of considering natural solutions to these problems (Pringle). Today, there are GM super foods that are so genetically modified that they differ starkly from their ancestors. It is a teeter-totter industry; either profits are extremely high (like they have been for so long) or the industry fails and profits cease to exist. The latter doesn’t look like it’s going to occur any time soon because the government is firmly grasped by the biotech food companies that control the GM food industry. The most prominent of these companies, Monsanto, falsely advocates the necessity for GM foods, with the real motive the preservation of profits. Monsanto executive Hugh Grant claims â€Å"they [GM foods] can help feed the world and preserve the environment by reducing the need for pesticides,† (Harvest of Fear). Others advocate the hope that GM technology can save lives, like scientist Charles Arntzen, who is working on GM techniques to make edible vaccines to combat viruses in developing countries, (Harvest of Fear). More recently, companies like AquaBounty Technologies are working to develop genetically engineered animals. AquaBounty’s AquAdvantage salmon has been touted as â€Å"as safe as food from conventional Atlantic salmon,† by the FDA, but is still being met with numerous opposition (Pollack). The salmon â€Å"contain a growth hormone gene from the Chinook salmon and a genetic switch from the ocean pout that turns on an antifreeze gene,† which allows the salmon to make growth hormone in cold weather, whereas they usually produce it only in warm weather,† (Pollack). Genetic manipulation is causing drastic changes in the natural behavior of the organisms it’s implemented on, and it is believed that this could have multiple adverse effects on the environment and society. Those who have similar concerns, these cautious enemies to GM foods, can find strength in recent studies that are beginning to expose the numerous harmful effects of GM foods. In a study done by Gilles-Eric Seralini at the University of Caen in France, 200 rats were fed either genetically engineered corn or the herbicide Roundup and observed for two years, their entire life cycle and not just the normal ninety day period. It was found that they had an increased risk of developing tumors, suffering organ damage, and dying prematurely (Pollack, GMO Global Alert). Additional animal studies have shown other serious health risks associated with GM food consumption: infertility, immune dysregulation, accelerated aging, and changes in the liver, kidney, spleen, and gastrointestinal system (Genetic Roulette). To exemplify how this is portrayed in humans, statistical evidence shows that after 1996, when GMOs increased in the American diet, disorders like inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic constipation, gastrointestinal infections, Crohn’s disease, and gastroephageal reflux have all risen dramatically and consistently (Genetic Roulette). Further evidence indicates that GMOs cause food allergies, have increased toxicity, decreased nutritional value, and promote antibiotic resistance (UMN). Not only do GM foods have a great potential for negatively effecting humans, they are harmful to the environment. Companies like Monsanto claim that genetically modifying foods is environmentally friendly, but this has been proven wrong on a multitude of levels. There is lack of nutrients found in soil in which GM crops are planted (Ticciati). These crops hurt the soil and the food chain. The chemicals found in pesticides were not only killing pests but also small animals, especially birds, were also facing extinction (Robbins). Tampering with natural selection creates a domino effect and damages the entire ecosystem. Imposing an unnatural element in the form of GM foods changes the equation and disrupts natural balance, even if things balance out, they will be forever different, even this is dangerous. Although GM foods are responsible for massive crop yields and the increased food supply, the industry is precariously perched given the increasing amount of deleterious effects that are being exposed more and more each day. For this reason, the government needs to take action. This is another dilemma; it is easy to wonder how the government can do anything when it has such close relationships with the companies that all the fingers are being pointed at. The primary antagonist in this story is the company Monsanto, the inventor of saccharin, an artificial sweetener, and many additional products. Monsanto accounts for over two-thirds of genetically engineered soy, corn, and canola crops worldwide (Robbins). Hendrik Verfaillie, Monsanto’s Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, described the company’s aggressive strategy with, â€Å"The biggest mistake that anyone can make is moving slowly, because the game is going to be over before you start,† (Robbins). It is understandable that a company this big has a profoundly large impact on government rulings regarding its industry. With Monsanto’s Roundup herbicide bringing in billions of dollars, the industry convinced the Supreme Court to allow the patenting of genetically engineered seeds so that the offspring would become the property of the seed manufacturer. In Genetic Engineering, Food and Our Environment, Luke Anderson exemplifies the impact of this ruling by stressing the profound repercussions it will have on the future of living organisms; â€Å"This extraordinary decision by the U. S. Supreme Court heralded a new era. Once a shared heritage, the gene pool of plants, animals, and humans was now a commodity waiting to be bought and sold† (Anderson). What appears to be mainly a business venture is an extremely important political issue, with companies pouring millions into politics to stay afloat. This is exemplified by the following quote, from the documentary The Future of Food. Here, director D. K. Garcia focuses on the 2000 Presidential Election and the biotechnology issue: â€Å"Agricultural biotechnology will find a support occupying the White House next year, regardless of which candidate wins the election in November† (Garcia). The Future of Food reveals top ranking officials from the Supreme Court, such as Justice Clarence Thomas who previously represented Monsanto as their Lawyer for Regulatory Affairs, to Donald Rumsfeld, The Secretary of Defense, who was previously the President of Searle, a Monsanto subsidiary. Given their backgrounds, it is difficult to ignore the likelihood that their political stances would not be swayed. Even worse is Linda Fisher, who has switched roles between the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) and Monsanto a number of times; she was Monsanto’s Executive Vice President for nearly a decade and Deputy Administrator for the EPA as well as Commissioner for George Bush’s administration (Garcia). It’s frightening that the EPA, which acknowledges and regulates pesticides emitted into the environment, is likely to be biased in regards to the approval of genetically modified organisms into the environment. Needless to say, it’s shocking to see the connections that pose how much of an apparent influence Monsanto and the other leading biotech companies have on government regulations of GMOs. Evidence of this influence is presented in Seeds of Deception, in which Micah Sifry states, â€Å"the four leaders of the biotech industry Monsanto, Dow, DuPont, and Novartis gave more than $3. 5 million in PAC, soft-money, and large individual contributions between 1995 and 2000, three-quarters of it to Republicans† (Smith). Stricter guidelines and extensive testing are not required because the companies have such strong political ties that they can influence the policy that is implemented upon them. In 1992, former U. S. Vice President, Dan Quayle, exemplifies this in his speech on behalf of the Council of Competitiveness, â€Å"We will ensure that biotech products will receive the same oversight as other products, instead of being hampered by unnecessary regulation† (Garcia). The FDA approved genetically modified foods with a high sense of hesitant reluctance. Consumers are supposed to rely on the FDA to determine if food is safe for consumption; the agency is supposed to be a protective one. This was a landmark decision for the FDA, a decision which required strong political influence for the agency to decide against its own principles. This is evidenced in The Future of Food; Dan Quayle and the Bush administration appointed Michael Taylor as Deputy Commissioner for Policy, which Andrew Kimbrell divulges in an interview, noting that Taylor was formerly Monsanto’s Senior Counsel at the King and Spaulding law firm. Taylor instituted a no-regulation policy and left it to the biotech companies to determine whether or not genetically modified food was deemed safe for human consumption (Garcia). As the examples presented indicate, the successful clearance of GM foods has been engineered by companies like Monsanto and politicians, almost as much as the foods themselves. With the FDA swept out of the way, the companies that dominated the biotech industry were free to roam as they pleased, testing at their fingertips. How can the consumers trust Monsanto to act in their best interest, especially when the company’s Director of Corporate Communication, Phil Angell, says things like â€Å"Monsanto should not have to vouchsafe the safety of biotech food. Our interest is in selling as much of it as possible. Assuring its safety is the FDA’s job,† (Robbins). Without extensive testing, which would almost certainly yield new truths about the harmful effects of GM foods, Monsanto can achieve its goal of selling as much as possible while disregarding the consequences this has on society and the environment. Testing is probably the biggest grey area of them all. The FDA has a persona of an overseer and protector, meaning that people generally believe that all food undergoes tests by the FDA to ensure their safety. Unfortunately, this couldn’t be further from the truth. Testing genetically modified foods is dependent on the words of the companies that develop them. According to Consumer Union’s Jean Halloran, â€Å"When a company comes in with data, the FDA looks at it and writes a letter saying, â€Å"Dear Monsanto, you supplied information regarding the safety of corn variety X and we are confident about what you’ve shown,† â€Å"It is your responsibility,† (CBS). The FDA is in a difficult position. It is presented with its initial objective of protecting the American people but now, with biotechnology and GM foods, it is faced with a decision of whether or not to promote the biotech industry. The FDA regulates GM foods as part of the â€Å"coordinated framework† of federal agencies that also includes the EPA and the United States Department of Agriculture (Bashshur). The problem is that this framework has been the subject of critical analysis and calls for redesign; it is outdated, with the FDA policy unchanged since 1992. It is available online and contains a searchable database that covers â€Å"genetically engineered crop plants intended for food or feed that have completed all recommended or required reviews,† (Bashshur). The policy places responsibility on the producer or manufacturer to assure the safety of the food, explicitly relying on the producer or manufacturer to do so: â€Å"Ultimately, it is the responsibility of the producer of a new food to evaluate the safety of the food and assure that the safety requirement of section 402(a)(1) of the act is met,† (Bashshur). It is also this policy that establishes that the â€Å"substantially equivalent† concept, with which the FDA judges most GM crops as â€Å"substantially equivalent† to non-GM crops. In these cases, GM crops are â€Å"designated as â€Å"Generally Recognized as Safe† under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) and do not require pre-market approval,† (Federation of American Scientists). Although these products are described as substantially equivalent, their manufacturers stress that they are different so that they can patent them and continue to profit. In this situation, the consumer must take the producer’s angle. Their products are dramatically different; their genetic composition is very different in comparison with that of their ancestral forms. In deciding whether or not to ingest these products, the consumer must realize that if the companies that produce them stress they are dramatically different, and there is minimal testing done on them, these GM food products could be extremely dangerous. Currently, there is no regulatory scheme requiring GM foods to be tested to see if it is safe for humans to eat or not. FDA guidance to the industry issued in 1997 covered voluntary â€Å"consultation procedures,† but â€Å"still relied on the developer of the product to provide safety data,† (Bashshur). There are numerous pieces of evidence that indicate that GM food testing is completely unregulated. The FDA’s policy is outdated and weak, â€Å"substantially equivalent† cannot be justified when such a small level of testing has been done. The fact that this policy has remained unchanged for two decades is staggering; there’s probably a lot of money keeping it that way. In tackling what Ramona Bashshur describes as the FDA’s â€Å"dual mission,† rational thought is vital. Although the FDA cannot ignore the opportunity to make scientific advances with the potential to better society, it must reflect on its original role, as a protector. While scientific advances with GMOs are rapidly continuing, there hasn’t been enough testing on them to determine how dangerous they are. If testing was done and the foods proved safe, which they probably wouldn’t, there would be nothing wrong with promoting it. In the meantime, as more and more harmful aspects of GM foods come to the surface, it would be smart for the FDA to revise its policy, improve the extent of testing done on these foods, so that America can move forward in science with the assurance that it won’t hurt its citizens. This is a difficult task; there is so much political influence on the industry that it may never occur. If the policy for testing cannot be amended, there is action that can be taken that could have a similar outcome. Specialized labeling for GM foods would set them apart from normal foods and make it easier for consumers to make healthy choices. In the United States, they aren’t labeled, while in Europe, Russia, China, and other countries, they are. This is an extremely popular movement in the United States. An example is California’s Proposition 37, which would’ve required â€Å"labeling on raw or processed food offered for sale to consumers if made from plants or animals with genetic material changed in specified ways. † And it would prohibit marketing â€Å"such food, or other processed food, as ‘natural,’† (Bittman). The numbers don’t lie; people supported Proposition 37; roughly 65% for to 20% against, with 15% undecided. From a national perspective on the labeling issue, 91% of voters believe that the FDA should require that â€Å"foods which have been genetically engineered or containing genetically engineered ingredients to be labeled to indicate that,† (Bittman). With these numbers as a reference for the support that Proposition 37 had, it’s hard to believe that it was struck down. Again, this is an instance of money having the loudest voice in the room. Money flew in from both sides, but the food companies that stood to lose in the situation, like Monsanto and The Hershey Co., contributed to what was â€Å"eventually a $44 million windfall for â€Å"No on Prop 37,† while proponents were only able to raise $7. 3 million,† (Almendrala). According to MapLight, an organization that tracks campaign contributions, biotech companies amassed $46 million to defeat the measure, with Monsanto contributing $8. 1 million and Kraft Foods, PepsiCo and Coca-Cola each contributing at least $1. 7 million (Pollack). In contrast, those who backed Proposition 37 were only able to contribute $9. 2 million; money made the difference. Proposition 37 was close, garnering 47% of the vote, with campaigns like the online based â€Å"Just Label It† collecting signatures and comments on a petition to the FDA, requesting rules â€Å"similar to those in the European Union, Japan, China, India and Australia, stating what transgenic food is in the package,† (Moskin). The biggest thing about Proposition 37 is that it had national implications; it wasn’t just California that the food conglomerates were worried about. If it passed, it could’ve been the beginning of a national labeling revolution, potentially the beginning of an even greater revolution. Throughout history, organisms have developed through a recurrence of genetic mutations that have naturally selected the organisms that are most fit for survival. The rise of GMOs can be viewed through the same lens. GMOs arose from the conditions following the monoculture agricultural shift in the 1960’s Green Revolution. The key here is that they are not natural. The â€Å"mutations† that have aided the rise of GMOs are manmade, manufactured, and abnormal. GMOs are a result of the American obsession with optimization, which manifests itself in technology. After World War II and throughout the Green Revolution, America sought numerous technological advancements as it relished its role as a world power. With GMOs, America breached the gap between technology and nature in an effort to optimize food. Companies like Monsanto, with their growing number of political connections, began using their funds to pave the way for GMOs to become and remain a staple contingent of the American diet. Today, GM foods are still privately and minimally tested and they remain unlabeled in the United States. While the FDA stands by its outdated 1992 policy, claiming that GM foods are â€Å"substantially equivalent,† the producers stress that they are different in an effort to obtain patents. America cannot trust the sources it looks to for accurate information because there has been little testing but there is hope on the horizon after California nearly passed a law forcing GM foods to be labeled. As concerned parties seek an answer, they must first look towards labeling these foods, sparking a chain reaction that causes uninformed consumers to ask questions like, â€Å"Why are these foods specially labeled?† and â€Å"What makes these foods different? † Labeling could prove to be the beginning of a further revolution to enhance regulation of GM foods. This revolution, though currently nonexistent, must occur before this problem mutates even further, before not just the American people, but the entire world, reaps the consequences for playing the role of Creator. Anderson, L. (1999). Genetic engineering, food, and our environment. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Clark, E. A. & Lehman, H. (2001). Assessment of GM crops in commercial agriculture. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 14 (1), 3-28. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from ProQuest Research Library. Guidance for industry: Voluntary labeling indicating whether foods have or have not Been developed using bioengineering. (2001) Retrieved November 8, 2006, from http://www. cfsan. fda. gov/~dms/biolabgu. html. Garcia, D. K. (Director, Producer, Writer). (2004). The future of food. [DVD]. Mill Valley: Lily Films. Hart, K. (2002). Eating in the dark. New York: Pantheon Books. Pascalev, A. (2003). You are what you eat: genetically modified foods, integrity, and society. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 16 (1), 583-594. Retrieved October 29, 2006, from ProQuest Research Library. Pringle, P. (2003). Food inc. New York: Simon & Schuster. Robbins, J. (2001). The food revolution: How your diet can help save your life and the world. Berkeley: Conari Press. Smith. J. (2003). Seeds of deception. Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing. Ticciati, L. & Ticciati, R. (1998). Genetically engineered foods. Are they safe? You decide. New Canaan: Keats Publishing. http://documentarylovers. com/genetic-roulette-gamble-our-lives/ http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Njd0RugGjAg&feature=related http://www. nytimes.com/2012/12/22/business/gene-altered-fish-moves-closer-to-federal-approval. html? pagewanted=all&_r=0 http://www. nytimes. com/2012/02/08/dining/a-suit-airs-debate-on-organic-vs-modified-crops. html http://opinionator. blogs. nytimes. com/2012/09/15/g-m-o-s-lets-label-em/? _r=0 http://www. nytimes. com/2010/09/21/business/energy-environment/21salmon. html http://www. nytimes. com/2010/09/04/health/policy/04salmon. html http://www. nytimes. com/2012/11/08/business/california-bid-to-label-genetically-modified-crops. Html http://www. nongmoproject. org/learn-more/ http://www. nytimes.com/2012/09/20/business/energy-environment/disputed-study-links-modified-corn-to-greater-health-risks. html? _r=0 http://enhs. umn. edu/current/5103/gm/harmful. html http://www. cbsnews. com/2300-204_162-10004920-2. html http://www. americanbar. org/content/newsletter/publications/aba_health_esource_home/aba_health_law_esource_1302_bashshur. Html http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2012/11/07/prop-37-defeated-californ_n_2088402. html http://www. fas. org/biosecurity/education/dualuse-agriculture/2. -agricultural-biotechnology/us-regulation-of-genetically-engineered-crops. html http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=Njd0RugGjAg&feature=related.

Beyond The Last Lamp and During Wind And Rain Essay

Compare the ways in which Hardy presents reactions to the loss of loved ones in these two poems Thomas Hardy uses change and passing time as symbols of death and loss in both poems: Beyond The Last Lamp and During Wind And Rain. The title, Beyond The Last Lamp, is a metaphorical way of describing darkness as the lamp signifies light and beyond light lies darkness, a representation of pain and misery. The whole poem revolves around a supposedly grieving, mysterious couple that the speaker observes over time. During Wind And Rain is also a depressing title as the rain suggests anguish and sorrow. The wind suggests progressing time, which could be seen as life, and perhaps death because that’s what life ultimately leads up to. A family is the subject of this poem and the speaker, again, tracks their progression over time. It is said that the poem is about the family of Emma Hardy, Thomas Hardy’s wife. Time represents and is represented by several different objects in both poems. Both poems use stanzas (Beyond The Last Lamp has five stanzas and During Wind And Rain has four) to develop ideas throughout the poem and show the passing time. ‘Ah, no; the years O!’ and ‘Ah, no; the years, the years;’ are alternately used as the penultimate line in each stanza of During Wind And Rain. This gives a sense of time moving at a fast pace and it being terrible and only bringing misery as the line is followed by an image of death. Place is used in powerful metaphors associated with time, life and death, and it gives the poem its atmosphere. Beyond The Last Lamp is set in a wet, dark lane, setting a heavy and depressing atmosphere. Even the light used in the poem is used to accentuate distress, ‘Each countenance as it slowly, as it sadly caught the lamplight’s yellow glance, held in suspense a misery’. There is also a close association between people and place as the speaker only remembers the lane through the couple: ‘Without those comrades†¦that lone lane does not exist’. Contrastingly, the atmosphere of During Wind And Rain is lively and happy for the first four lines of the stanza, as it focuses on a garden and family, however, it seems like the cheerful recollection ends with an ellipsis and the speaker is almost shaken back to reality. The last line of the stanza shows the place and nature in a dramatic and ghastly way, a clashing chord to the beginning: ‘How the sick leaves reel down in throngs’, showing the uncontrollable nature of death and the autumn season. ‘Reel’ connects with the previous to lines about music, ‘they sing their dearest songs’ since as a noun it means an Irish or Scottish folk dance. ‘And the rotten rose is ript from the wall’ uses alliteration to dramatize and emphasise the suddenness and horrific nature of death. Place is used to represent time, the stanzas show a progression of seasons: ‘summer tree’. Place is also used to describe the family going to heaven: ‘They change to a high new house’. The garden is also like a metaphor for life as it shows how people try and control it although it’s uncontrollable: ‘they clear the creeping moss†¦making the pathways neat’. People are the main focal points for both poems whether it is a family or a couple. The speaker writes as an outsider, an observer of these people. The couple in Beyond The Last Lamp are first described as ‘two linked loiterers’ which is then developed to ‘the pair seemed lovers’ in the second stanza, ‘twain’, in the third, ‘tragic pair’ and then ‘comrades’. Through this change in description, the speaker’s change in perspective and opinion of the couple’s relationship is visible as they deteriorate from lovers to tragic pair. Although there is deterioration, the pain is present from the beginning of the poem. Absence of happiness is used to create the sad feeling of the poem. Time represents a change for the worse. Their emotions follow a similar pattern and can also be traced from ‘heavy thought’ in the first stanza, to ‘misery’ in the second to ‘wild woe’ in the third. The actual change from happiness to misery isn’t shown extensively in the poem, but it is hinted at: ‘no longer orbed in love’s young rays’. However, the family’s relationships seem to remain intact throughout During Wind And Rain. The family of During Wind And Rain are shown as happy but unaware of the way time and death can remove everything: ‘they are blithely’. This almost naà ¯ve unawareness and the sudden, unexpected loss of happiness is used to emphasise feelings of pain. Time and their growth is shown by the differing description of its members: ‘Elders and juniors’ to ‘Men and maidens’. But they all die in the last stanza: ‘Down their carved names the rain-drop ploughs’. Time in this case repres ents death. The speaker has two very different styles in the poems although the perspectives are just as pessimistic about life and time. The already pessimistic perspective of the speaker also worsens as the poem progresses.   

The Theory Of Human Nature And Behavior - 1178 Words

Human nature, or the usual behavioral patterns of most humans alive today, is influenced by a great number of characteristics, mannerisms, and unique traits that are not found in many other organisms across the globe. Two such characteristics, namely language and communication, are so distinct that they can be regarded as the main components for the development and creation of human nature itself, acting as the basis for human consciousness and development. However, although these social constructs appear to vary in their differences they are almost equally matched in number by their similarities. Both are intertwined with each other in various ways, each playing different roles in the act of the creation of human nature and behavior. However, this topic is still fairly controversial, as it is still unclear how language and communication are respectively connected to societal patterns, as it is unclear as to which construct was created first. Regardless, many academics delve into the topic in the hopes of finding and establishing a clear connection between constructs. One such academia, Lewis Thomas, addresses the issue of the connections language and communications respectively hold to human nature in his piece â€Å"The Corner of the Eye†. In his piece, Thomas starts by providing a brief anecdote as a well as some scientific basis as to why and how humans perceive things through their eyes, both on a physical and emotional level. Specifically, Thomas mentions viewing certainShow MoreRelatedTheories And Nature Of Human Behavior951 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstand the functions and nature of human behavior is by how people view society. There are three major theories that provide a lens to compare how and individual see their environment. â€Å"A theory is a set of ideas that attempts to explain the known facts of a subject in a way that makes sense† (Claerbaut, 2015). 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